Managed lanes use restrictions or variable tolling to significantly improve traffic flow. Often, managed lanes can be implemented without the time and expense of contructing new lanes. Managed lanes are so successful that they are being used in 15 states.
"We have seen data that when you add managed lanes, the travel speeds in the managed lanes are higher and the travel speeds in the adjacent un-tolled lanes are higher at the same time," - Stephanie Pollack, MA Transportation Secretary
Vox
May 3, 2019
5 major roads--including Route 44, Route 18, Route 28—combine at this location just a few hundred feet from Route I-495.
By restriping and reconfiguring the rotary, and by improving the road quality, a major point of congestion has been improved. According to MASSDOT, 3 to 5 minutes per commute is being saved at this intersection.
Addressing and improving the MBTA bus routes and the roads that they travel will have a major impact on efficiency. The simple but powerful act of fixing potholes, widening streets and improving drainage from troubled bus routes can increase the ability of a bus to increase it's on time rating and get more people to use public transportation.